What is the difference between Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)?
ISR is usually initiated as a result of beneficial microbes applied to the roots of the plant and increases the level of jasmonic acid […]
View DetailsAre biopesticides protective or curative?
Biopesticides are more effective when used in a prophylactic preventative programme, not dependent on thresholds or scouting. The colonization of the rhizosphere by beneficial […]
View DetailsHow does Trichoderma control root knot nematodes?
Real IPM Trichoderma is Registered in Kenya and Ethiopia for the control of root knot nematode. Its probable mode of action is the excretion […]
View DetailsHow does Trichoderma control downy mildews?
Trichoderma is an endophyte and needs to be applied to re-growth of rose plants (red leaves) after flushing or pruning. Downy mildews are also […]
View DetailsHow do plants ‘use’ the Bacillus subtilis applied to the soil to help protect the plant canopy from attack by diseases?
Scientists have measured a peculiar interaction between a plant under attack from a disease in the canopy. Root colonization by Bacillus subtilis increases (below […]
View DetailsHow does Bacillus subtilis control powdery mildew if sprayed in the canopy?
Bacillus subtilis is known to produce lipopeptides, which destroy the cell membrane of powdery mildew spores on the leaf surface. (ref AgraQuest). These substances […]
View DetailsAre any of Real IPM’s biopesticides also endophytes?
Real Trichoderma and Real Bacillus subtilis are endophytes. Real IPM is currently inves-tigating the endophytic attributes of its EPFs (Metarhizium and Beauveria).
View DetailsWhat is the difference between and phytopathogen and an endophyte?
Phytopathogens are bacteria or fungi, often with part of their life cycle in the soil, which cause harm to the plant. Diseases are caused […]
View DetailsWhat is an endophyte?
An endophyte is a bacterium or fungi able colonize the internal tissue of a plant without causing a disease or any harm to the […]
View DetailsWhat is a biofilm?
Rhizobacteria can form biofilms on root surfaces; a continuous colony of bacteria bound together by polysaccharides. This helps the bacteria bind to the root […]
View DetailsHow do green manures work?
Green manure crops act mainly as soil acidifying matter to decrease the alkalinity pH of alkali soils by generating humic and acetic acids. Incorporation […]
View DetailsWhat is a green manure?
Green manure crops uprooted or mown crop parts, which are left to wither on a field so that they serve as a mulch and […]
View DetailsAre mycorrhizae compatible with Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis?
The mycorrhizae network in the soil may provide a physical structure for the Trichoderma and Bacillus to grown on. Mycorrhizae are usually only applied […]
View DetailsWhat are the different modes of action of mycorrhizae and Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis?
Mycorrhizae are an extension of the plant’s root system and the Trichoderma and Bacil-lus subtilis solubilise phosphate, create a larger physical plant root with […]
View DetailsAre phosphorous levels too high in hydroponics for mycorrhizae to invade plant roots?
Mycorrhizae spores remain dormant if phosphorous levels are above 70 ppm, however if you establish your mycorrhizae colony early on when phosphorous levels in […]
View DetailsWhat’s the difference between ecto-mycorrhizae (VAM) and endo-mycorrhizae?
Ecto-mycorrhizae form a sheath around the plant roots and mainly colonise conifers and oaks. Endo -mycorrhizae (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae – VAM) will penetrate the […]
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